![]() She strives to maintain the routine: work, journeys, meals, and homework. He comes back home late in the evening and frequently travels abroad. Her workload as a mom has dramatically increased and her husband cannot share the burden. Her youngest has entered primary school and is experiencing severe learning difficulties. Her eldest child has had an accident and needs physical therapy three times a week. But over recent months, things have become difficult. For years, she looked after them, drove them to school and to extra-curricular activities, prepared meals, oversaw their homework, and was there for them in their happiness and sorrows. She gave the best she could each and every day. She was well aware of the importance of parenting and strove to provide them with optimal care and support in every way. Now imagine Charlotte, a mother of three children who used to be there all the time for them. She presents all three core symptoms of burnout: she is emotionally exhausted, she depersonalizes her patients and she is less efficient. Most psychologists and general practitioners would detect that Cecilia is suffering from job burnout. As time passes, she is becoming less and less happy and people are starting to complain about her work. She has gradually started to consider patients as “rooms” rather than humans. She does not have the time or energy to listen to or deal with patients' emotional difficulties. As she lacks the time to do her work properly, she keeps the care she provides to a strict minimum: patients' physical care. Her workload has increased drastically and her boss does not share the burden. But over recent months, she has had to work even harder: one of her colleagues is on maternity leave and another one is a newcomer who has not yet mastered the tasks of the role. For years, she coped with the heavy workload, the tiring shift work schedule and the poor rewards for her efforts. She was well aware of the importance of her mission and strove to provide good emotional and medical care to her patients. Imagine Cecilia, a nurse who used to be very engaged in her job. The results are discussed in light of their implications at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels. The proportion of burnout parents lies somewhere between 2 and 12%. The prevalence of parental burnout confirms that some parents are so exhausted that the term “burnout” is appropriate. Low to moderate correlations between parental burnout and professional burnout, parental stress and depression suggests that parental burnout is not just burnout, stress or depression. The final version of the Parental Burnout Inventory (PBI) consists of 22 items and displays strong psychometric properties (CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06). The results support the validity of a tri-dimensional burnout syndrome including exhaustion, inefficacy and emotional distancing with, respectively, 53.96 and 55.76% variance explained in study 1 and study 2, and reliability ranging from 0.89 to 0.94. We then examined the specificity of parental burnout vis-à-vis professional burnout assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, parental stress assessed with the Parental Stress Questionnaire and depression assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. We investigated whether the tridimensional structure of the burnout syndrome (i.e., exhaustion, inefficacy, and depersonalization) held in the parental context. We conducted two successive questionnaire-based online studies, the first with a community-sample of 379 parents using principal component analyses and the second with a community- sample of 1,723 parents using both principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analyses. Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumĬan parents burn out? The aim of this research was to examine the construct validity of the concept of parental burnout and to provide researchers which an instrument to measure it.Isabelle Roskam * Marie-Emilie Raes Moïra Mikolajczak
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